Romania

“There is strong resistance in much of Europe to fracking, the practice of forcing liquid and sand into wells to release ⟳ trapped oil and gas. France has a ban on fracking, Germany has imposed a moratorium, and opposition has cropped up and sometimes delayed shale exploration in Eastern European countries like ⟳ Romania and Poland.”

“There is a significant coincidence of dates between several events: the splitting of the Paulician community in Rhomania in consequence of Séryios’s innovations; the breach between Séryios’s partisans and the East Roman Imperial Government, […]”

“The Doge of Venice was honored with his full title of dominator of one-quarter and one-eighth of the whole Empire of Romania; and he was promised repossession of all the rights and properties that his people had held in Constantinople in the years of the Latin occupation.”

“In this letter the basileus informed the Pope that Béla III had attacked Serbia, since he was not content with his own ⟳ country, “which he acquired with difficulties and with the help ⟳ of the armies and the money of Rhomania [i.e. Byzantium]”.”

“The Fourth Crusade ended in 1204 with the Western or Latin conquest of Constantinople and signalled the beginning of a new era in the history of the Byzantine lands or Romania.”

“If the Constantinopolitan Byzantines regarded the Anatolian Turkic territories as lands temporarily lost from their indivisible universal Rhomania, the Turkoman rulers of the twelfth century considered Rhomania as being factually divided between several rulers.”

“The dramatic fall ⟳ of Constantinople in 1204 and the Latin conquest of the Empire’s provinces in the following decade resulted in the dismemberment of Romania.”

“Next to them, the maritime region extending south to the Hellespont is Romania—a Greek nation, though it was once barbarian, and it is returning to barbarism in our own ⟳ time, now that the empire of the Greeks has been destroyed and the Turks hold ⟳ sway. The capital city of this country [Thrace] is Byzantium, formerly called Agios.”

“In the end ⟳ of Ianuarie, Borbon passed the Po with all his troupes, and directed his iourney towards Romania: […]”

“A general atlas in 45 sheets of coloured maps and diagrams intended for use ⟳ in the secondary schools of România. Twelve of the sheets are occupied by maps of România itself, dealing with its physical features, geology, population, meteorology, industries, means of communication, and minerals, and some of these, though on a small scale, will doubtless be useful to all seeking information on the country.”

“In late August and early September they seized the Ploesti oil fields, forced the collapse of România, and turned Bulgaria to the Allied side.”

“Dear Mr Abbe,[…]We wrote a lot of letters to the Passport Office; two times to Mr. President of the National Great Assembly (the Parliament), three times to Mr. President of România, but all was in vain.[…]Sincerely yours,[…]74696 Bucharest, România”

“Now I watch ⟳ how my father swears and turns red any time Comrade Ceaușescu appears on television or makes radio addresses explaining how România is the strongest, most independent country in the world and how we are all members of the “great socialist dream ⟳.”[…]By contrast, the poems and the stories we read ⟳ at school all praise ⟳ our Communist government and Comrade Ceaușescu, who with his wife, the mother of all the children of România, is the father of all of us, something I have ⟳ known ever since I can remember ⟳.[…]“We’ll rent ⟳ a few hectares of land ⟳ on the western side of România from April until August, right at the border ⟳, at Oravița where the soil is good.[…]””

“România is a developing former communist country in Eastern Europe with a population of 21.794.793 (2002) and covers 237.500 square km with 42 districts.[…]România remains currently in a period of transition from communism to democracy. România like ⟳ other Eastern European countries is at the geographical border ⟳ between the West, the Middle East and Asia. Like ⟳ other former communist countries, România remained behind the Iron ⟳ Curtain until December 1989. In January 2007, România became member of EU.”

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B1

Intermediate
This word is part of the CEFR B1 vocabulary — intermediate level.

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