CEFR Level
C2
Xhosa — Proficiency Vocabulary
172 words
Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read.
| # | Word | Type | IPA | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | -wa | Phrase | Forms passive verbs. | |
| 2 | A | Noun | ||
| 3 | a- | Phrase | of; class 6 possessive concord. | |
| 4 | aba | Verb, Pronoun | /[âːɓa]/ | to distribute. |
| 5 | abo | Pronoun | /[âːɓo]/ | those; class 2 distal demonstrative. |
| 6 | ala | Verb | to refuse. | |
| 7 | awu | Interjection | /[âːwu]/ | |
| 8 | azi | Verb | ||
| 9 | ba | Verb | to become. | |
| 10 | ba- | Phrase | of; class 14 possessive concord. | |
| 11 | Bh | Noun | /b̥ʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. (B is /ɓ/.). |
| 12 | bi | Adjective | ||
| 13 | bo | Pronoun | Combining stem of bona. | |
| 14 | bu- | Phrase | it; class 14 subject concord. | |
| 15 | ɓ | Noun | Obsolete letter formerly used to represent the phoneme /ɓ/. Replaced by b. | |
| 16 | Ƃ | Noun | ||
| 17 | ch | Noun | /ᵏǀʰ/ | A digraph of the Xhosa alphabet, written in the Latin script. |
| 18 | de | Adjective | ||
| 19 | dl | Noun | /ɮʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 20 | dla | Verb | to corrode. | |
| 21 | dwa | Adverb | alone, only. | |
| 22 | dy | Noun | /d̠̥ʲʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 23 | dz | Noun | /d̥zʱ/ | A digraph of the Xhosa alphabet, written in the Latin script. |
| 24 | e- | Phrase | at, on, in; locative prefix. | |
| 25 | eba | Verb | ||
| 26 | eli | Pronoun | /[êːli]/ | this; class 5 proximal demonstrative. |
| 27 | elo | Pronoun | /[êːlo]/ | that; class 5 distal demonstrative. |
| 28 | em- | Phrase | Class 9 adjective concord; form of en- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant. | |
| 29 | en- | Phrase | Class 9 adjective concord. | |
| 30 | esi | Pronoun | /[êːsi]/ | this; class 7 proximal demonstrative. |
| 31 | eso | Pronoun | /[êːso]/ | that; class 7 distal demonstrative. |
| 32 | ewe | Adverb | /[eːwé]/ | |
| 33 | ezi | Pronoun | /[êːz̥i̤]/ | those; class 10 proximal demonstrative. |
| 34 | ezo | Pronoun | /[êːz̥o̤]/ | those; class 10 distal demonstrative. |
| 35 | fa | Verb | /[fá]/ | |
| 36 | gc | Noun | /ᶢ̥ǀʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 37 | gq | Noun | /ᶢ̥ǃʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 38 | gqi | Noun | /[ɡ̊ǃi̤]/ | Signifies sudden appearance. |
| 39 | gr | Noun | /ɣʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 40 | gɼ | Noun | /ɣʱ/ | Obsolete digraph replaced by gr. |
| 41 | gx | Noun | /ᶢ̥ǁʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 42 | hh | Noun | /ɦ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 43 | hl | Noun | /ɬ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 44 | hla | Verb | to descend, to go down. | |
| 45 | hle | Adjective | beautiful, handsome. | |
| 46 | i- | Phrase | Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable. | |
| 47 | im- | Phrase | Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant. | |
| 48 | in- | Phrase | Class 9 noun prefix. | |
| 49 | ingqungquthela | Noun | ||
| 50 | ingweletshetshe | Noun | ||
| 51 | ingxwabangxwaba | Noun | turmoil, chaos. | |
| 52 | inkubabulongwe | Noun | Equivalent to 'dung beetle': Any of the beetle of the family Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles), especially of the subfamilie… | |
| 53 | inqwelo-mafutha | Noun | ||
| 54 | intsholongwane | Noun | ||
| 55 | intsumantsumane | Noun | ||
| 56 | inu | Pronoun | Combining stem of nina used with possessive concords. | |
| 57 | isibhambathiso | Noun | agreement. | |
| 58 | isifanekisozwi | Noun | ideophone (sound-symbolic word). | |
| 59 | isinxibamxhaka | Noun | important person. | |
| 60 | isishwankathelo | Noun | ||
| 61 | iti | Noun | /[íːtí]/ | |
| 62 | izibhambathiso | Noun | ||
| 63 | izifanekisozwi | Noun | ||
| 64 | izinxibamxhaka | Noun | ||
| 65 | ka- | Phrase | he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes. | |
| 66 | kc | Noun | /ᵏǀʼ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography, used for c after the letter n, ⟨nkc⟩, to avoid confusion with the digraph nc. |
| 67 | kha | Verb | ||
| 68 | khe | Pronoun | Combining stem of yena used with possessive concords. | |
| 69 | kho | Pronoun | Combining stem of wena used with possessive concords. | |
| 70 | kl | Noun | /k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 71 | ko | Pronoun | Combining stem of kona. | |
| 72 | kq | Noun | /ᵏǃʼ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography, used for q after the letter n, ⟨nkq⟩, to avoid confusion with the digraph nq. |
| 73 | Kr | Noun | /kxʼ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 74 | krh | Noun | /kxʰ/ | A trigraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 75 | kɼ | Noun | /kxʼ/ | Obsolete digraph replaced by kr. |
| 76 | ku- | Phrase | you; second-person singular object concord. | |
| 77 | kx | Noun | /ᵏǁʼ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography, used for x after the letter n, ⟨nkx⟩, to avoid confusion with the digraph nx. |
| 78 | la | Pronoun | these; class 6 proximal demonstrative. | |
| 79 | la- | Phrase | of; class 5 possessive concord. | |
| 80 | le | Pronoun | /[lé]/ | these; class 4 proximal demonstrative. |
| 81 | lh | Noun | /lʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 82 | li- | Phrase | he, she, it; class 5 subject concord. | |
| 83 | lo | Pronoun | /[ló]/ | this; class 1 proximal demonstrative. |
| 84 | loo | Pronoun | /[lôː]/ | A lavatory: a room used for urination and defecation. |
| 85 | lu- | Phrase | he, she, it; class 11 subject concord. | |
| 86 | lwa | Verb | /[lʷa]/ | to fight, to struggle. |
| 87 | m | Pronoun | Combining stem of mna used with possessive concords. | |
| 88 | m- | Phrase | him, her, it; class 1 object concord. | |
| 89 | ma | Verb | ||
| 90 | ma- | Phrase | let, may; gives a verb a hortative force. | |
| 91 | mba | Verb | ||
| 92 | Mh | Noun, Interjection | /mʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 93 | mka | Verb | to go away, to leave. | |
| 94 | mna | Pronoun | /[m̩ːná]/ | I, me; first-person singular absolute pronoun. |
| 95 | molweni | Interjection | /[molʷéːni]/ | hello, a greeting (salutation) said when meeting someone or acknowledging someone's arrival or presence. |
| 96 | msi | Conjunction | ||
| 97 | musani | Interjection | ||
| 98 | n | Noun | ||
| 99 | na | Verb, Adverb | Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence. | |
| 100 | na- | Preposition, Conjunction | with, in company of. | |
| 101 | nc | Noun | /ᵑǀ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 102 | nco | Conjunction | red and white. | |
| 103 | ne | Adjective | Equivalent to 'four': The digit or figure 4; an occurrence thereof. | |
| 104 | ngc | Noun | /ᵑǀʱ/ | A trigraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 105 | ngh | Noun | /ŋʱ/ | A trigraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 106 | ngq | Noun | /ᵑǃʱ/ | A trigraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 107 | ngwabhungwabhu | Noun | ||
| 108 | ngx | Noun | /ᵑǁʱ/ | A trigraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 109 | ngʼ | Noun | /ŋ/ | A multigraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 110 | Nh | Noun | /nʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 111 | ni- | Phrase | you, you all; second-person plural subject concord. | |
| 112 | nje | Adverb | /[ᶮd̥ʒě̤]/ | so, in this manner. |
| 113 | nke | Article | all; all of. | |
| 114 | nq | Noun | /ᵑǃ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 115 | nx | Noun | /ᵑǁ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 116 | nye | Adjective | Equivalent to 'one': Honorific alternative letter-case form of one, sometimes used when referring to God or another impo… | |
| 117 | nyh | Noun | /nʲʱ/ | A trigraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 118 | o- | Phrase | ||
| 119 | obo | Pronoun | /[ôːɓo]/ | that; class 14 distal demonstrative. |
| 120 | obu | Pronoun | /[ôːɓu]/ | this; class 14 proximal demonstrative. |
| 121 | oja | Verb | to barbecue, to braai. | |
| 122 | oko | Pronoun | /[ôːko]/ | that; class 15 distal demonstrative. |
| 123 | oku | Pronoun | /[ôːku]/ | this; class 15 proximal demonstrative. |
| 124 | olo | Pronoun | /[ôːlo]/ | that; class 11 distal demonstrative. |
| 125 | olu | Pronoun | /[ôːlu]/ | this; class 11 proximal demonstrative. |
| 126 | om- | Phrase | ||
| 127 | oma | Verb | to become dry. | |
| 128 | ona | Verb | to do wrong. | |
| 129 | oo- | Phrase | class 2a noun prefix. | |
| 130 | pha | Verb | ||
| 131 | qh | Noun | /ᵏǃʰ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 132 | qha | Adverb | /[kǃʰâː]/ | |
| 133 | Rh | Noun | /x/ | A digraph of the Xhosa alphabet, written in the Latin script. |
| 134 | ɼ | Noun | /x/ | Obsolete letter replaced by rh. |
| 135 | sa | Noun, Verb | /[sâː]/ | Signifies scattering. |
| 136 | sa- | Phrase | of; class 7 possessive concord. | |
| 137 | si- | Phrase | we; first-person plural subject concord. | |
| 138 | so | Pronoun | Combining stem of sona. | |
| 139 | ʃ | Noun | Obsolete letter formerly used to represent the phoneme /ʃ/. Replaced by sh. | |
| 140 | thi | Verb | ||
| 141 | ths | Noun | /tsʰ/ | A trigraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 142 | tshitshilizela | Verb | ||
| 143 | tshotsho | Interjection | serves you right!. | |
| 144 | ty | Noun | /tʲ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 145 | tya | Verb | /[cá]/ | |
| 146 | tyh | Noun | /tʲʰ/ | A trigraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 147 | u- | Phrase | Class 11 noun prefix; form of ulu- used before stems of more than one syllable. | |
| 148 | ub- | Phrase | Class 14 full noun prefix; form of ubu- used before stems beginning with o. | |
| 149 | ubundlobongela | Noun | ||
| 150 | um- | Phrase | Class 1 noun prefix. | |
| 151 | umkhombandlela | Noun | ||
| 152 | umphathi-theko | Noun | MC, master of ceremonies. | |
| 153 | va | Verb | /[v̥a̤]/ | to understand. |
| 154 | wa | Verb | ||
| 155 | wa- | Phrase | they; class 6 subject concord; form of a- used when another prefix precedes. | |
| 156 | wh | Noun | /wʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 157 | wo | Pronoun | Combining stem of wona. | |
| 158 | wu- | Phrase | you, thou; second-person singular subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes. | |
| 159 | xa | Conjunction | /[kǁá]/ | |
| 160 | xh | Noun | /ᵏǁʰ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 161 | ya | Verb | to go to, towards. | |
| 162 | ya- | Phrase | of; class 9 possessive concord. | |
| 163 | yh | Noun | /jʱ/ | A digraph in Xhosa orthography. |
| 164 | yi- | Phrase | he, she, it; class 9 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes. | |
| 165 | yo | Pronoun | Combining stem of yona. | |
| 166 | za | Verb | /[z̥a̤]/ | |
| 167 | za- | Phrase | of; class 10 possessive concord. | |
| 168 | ze | Conjunction | Equivalent to 'naked': naakte بصورةٍ عاريَه неподправено nuamente naze nackt nøgent γυμνά al descubierto alasti آشکارا a… | |
| 169 | zh | Noun | /ʒʱ/ | A digraph of the Xhosa alphabet, written in the Latin script. |
| 170 | zi- | Phrase | they; class 10 subject concord. | |
| 171 | zo | Pronoun | Combining stem of zona. | |
| 172 | Γ | Noun | /x/ | Obsolete letter replaced by Rh. |
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