Kremlin

Definitions

1. A fortified, central complex found in various Russian cities.
2. The Moscow Kremlin; a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia that serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.
3. The Russian or Soviet government.
   metonymically

Equivalents

Examples

“The Kremlin announced plans to increase⟳ funding for museums and the arts.”

“Over the course of the war in Ukraine, the Kremlin has drawn several “red lines” – with ostentatious references to Russia’s huge strategic nuclear arsenal – only to seemingly do nothing when these lines are crossed by Ukraine or its Western backers.”

“9% of historical parks are the gardens of monasteries and kremlins (fortified centres in the towns), 8% are urban ("public") gardens and only 2% are parks on urban estates.”

“Several cities in Russia were built around fortresses called kremlins. Russians built kremlins for defense during the Middle Ages. A kremlin was often located along a river.”

“The centre of the kremlin usually held the prince's or voivode’s court, the cathedral, and the bishop's court. This arrangement can be seen in quite a number⟳ of 16th-century kremlins. The main street of the kremlin connected this complex with the gate leading to the marketplace.”

CEFR level