Meaning of canilicular | Babel Free

Examples

“Although some studies have documented risks, 6, 7, 9 a large recent population-based study found no association of PBC with smoking, age at menarche or first pregnancy, or gravidity. 10 Prevalent coexisting autoimmune conditions include Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma, and Hashimoto thyroiditis. 4 PBC diagnosis requires two of the three following objective criteria: 1) biochemical evidence of cholestasis based primarily on elevated level of serum ALP (>1.5 times (x) the upper limit of normal, ULN); 2) presence of serum AMA (titers ≥1:40); and 3) liver histology characterized by nonsuppurative cholangitis and interlobular bile duct destruction. 3, 5, 11 AMA-positive patients with normal liver biochemistries should have yearly laboratory monitoring for the development of cholestasis. 11 In patients who are AMA negative and have liver biopsy findings of possible PBC (or PSC), genetic testing for ABCB4 (encoding the canilicular phospholipid transporter) deficiency should be considered. 11, 12 Family members (particularly female first-degree relatives) should be screened for PBC by testing serum ALP, and elevations should prompt checking AMA. 3 A small subgroup of patients demonstrates features of both PBC and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).”

CEFR level