-ism

Definitions

1. Used to form nouns of action, process, or result based on the accompanying verb ending in -ise or -ize.
   countable, morpheme, uncountable
2. Used to form the name of a school of thought, system, or theory based on the name of its subject or object or alternatively on the name of its founder (When de-capitalized, these overlap with the generic "doctrines" sense below, e.g. Liberalism vs. liberalism.)
   countable, morpheme, uncountable
3. Used to form names of a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, opinion, or state belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology, or principle or lack thereof.
   countable, morpheme, uncountable
4. Used to form countable nouns indicating a peculiarity or characteristic of language
   countable, morpheme, uncountable
5. Used to form names of ideologies expressing belief in the superiority of a certain class within the concept expressed by the root word, or a pattern of behavior or a social norm that benefits members of the group indicated by the root word. (Based on a late 20th-century narrowing of the "terms for a doctrine" sense.)
   countable, morpheme, uncountable
6. Used to form names of conditions (syndromes, diseases, disorders, defects, addictions) and therapeutical methods or doctrines.
   countable, morpheme, uncountable

Equivalents

22 more languages

العربيةـِيَّة

Bosanski-izam-изам

Čeština-ismus

Ελληνικά-κρατία

Suomi-ismi

Galego-ismo

हिन्दी-कारी-भेद

Hrvatski-izam-изам

Bahasa Indonesia-isme

Italiano-ismo

日本語-イズム-主義イズム主義教論+ 3 more

한국어-이즘-주의

Kurdî-îzm

Latina-isma

Nederlands-isme

Polski-izm

Português-ismo

Русский-изм

Српски-izam-изам

Svenska-ism

Türkçe-izm

Українська-изм-ізм-їзм

Examples

“baptism (1300), aphorism (1528), criticism (1607), magnetism (1616)”

“Lutheranism (1560), Calvinism (1570), Protestantism (1606), Congregationalism (1716), Mohammedanism (1815),: Palamism (1949)”

“atheism (1587), ruffianism (1589), giantism (1639), fanaticism (1652), theism (1678), religionism (1706), patriotism (1716), heroism (1717), despotism (1728), old-maidism (1776), capitalism (1792), nationism (1798), romanticism (1803), conservatism (1832), sexualism (1842), vegetarianism (1848), externalism (1856), young-ladyism (1869), opportunism (1870), blackguardism (1875), jingoism (1878), feminism (1895), dwarfism (1895)”

“Howard didn't care much for beer, but that night he helped himself to three cans of Vi's new find⟳ nevertheless. Vi commented on it, said that if she had known he was going to like⟳ it that much, she would have⟳ stopped by the drugstore and gotten him an IV hookup. Another time-honored Vi-ism.”

“WE ARE EXPERIENCING BROADCAST⟳ NOOBISM”

““Woke-ism, multiculturalism, all the -isms — they’re not who America is. They distort our glorious founding and what this country is all about. Our enemies stoke these divisions because they know⟳ they make⟳ us weaker,” he wrote Tuesday.”

“Atticism (1612), Gallicism (1656), archaism (1709), Americanism (1781), colloquialism (1834), newspaperism (1838), Shakespearianism (1886)”

“Note⟳ that these sayings attributed to Yogi Berra might be apocryphal […] These sayings remain⟳, however, quintessential Berraisms.”

“racism (1932), sexism (1936), classism (1971), speciesism (1975), heterosexism (1979), ableism (1981)”

“aleydigism, daturism, senilism, teratism, cocainism, climatism, humorism”

CEFR level